| 1991 | Research Fellow, Institute for Research on Higher Education, University of Pennsylvania |
| 1994 | Visiting Assistant Professor, Economics Department, Barnard College, Columbia University |
| 1995 | Associate Professor, Economics Department, Josai University |
| 1998 | Visiting Associate Professor, University of the Air |
| 2000 | Associate Professor, Economics Department, Meiji Gakuin University |
| 2002 | Professor, Economics Department, Meiji Gakuin University |
| 2003 | Associate Professor, GRIPS |
| 2004 | Professor, GRIPS |